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title: Short-form content - Wikipedia
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> **Original source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-form_content?utm_source=openai

"Short video" redirects here. For the concept of short films, see [Short film](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_film "Short film"). For short form series and shows, see [Web series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_series "Web series").

Short-form video format (featuring [_Endeavour_](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crew_Dragon_Endeavour "Crew Dragon Endeavour") docking at the [ISS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Space_Station "International Space Station"))

**Short-form content**, also known as **short-form video**, is a short video made from various sources such as films (both professional and [amateur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_movie "Home movie")), television shows, and entertainment videos. The video is delivered and distributed over the [Internet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet "Internet") through short-form video platforms such as [YouTube Shorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Shorts "YouTube Shorts"), [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok"), [Instagram Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram_Reels "Instagram Reels"), [Vine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine_\(service\) "Vine (service)"), and [Facebook Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Reels "Facebook Reels"). Short-form content became popular among young people, gaining some popularity in the 2010s before becoming more mainstream in the 2020s.

Most short-form content is now found as video clips uploaded in the [vertical format](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_video "Vertical video"). They are up to a few minutes long (e.g., up to three minutes for YouTube Shorts content). Short-form content can be utilised for [advertising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising "Advertising"), [entertainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment "Entertainment"), [education](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education "Education") or [journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism "Journalism").

The increasing popularity of short-form [dramas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drama_\(film_and_television\) "Drama (film and television)") (also known as [microdramas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microdrama "Microdrama")) has led to the emergence of [streaming platforms](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_platform "Streaming platform") specializing in delivering short-form [series](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_show "Television show") content.[\[1\]](#cite_note-MacDonald-Forbes-1)[\[2\]](#cite_note-Pillai-2)[\[3\]](#cite_note-Ramachandran-3)

Short videos became popular in the 2010s, building a part of [Internet culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_culture "Internet culture") by members of [Generation Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Z "Generation Z") and continuing with [Generation Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Alpha "Generation Alpha").[\[4\]](#cite_note-4)[\[5\]](#cite_note-5)

[Snapchat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snapchat "Snapchat") started allowing users to share 10-second videos in 2012.[\[6\]](#cite_note-6) [Vine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vine_\(service\) "Vine (service)"), which was launched in 2013 and restricted videos to a maximum length of six seconds, helped short-form videos achieve mainstream popularity and gave rise to a new generation of public figures such as [Kurtis Conner](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurtis_Conner "Kurtis Conner"), [David Dobrik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Dobrik "David Dobrik"), [Danny Gonzalez](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Gonzalez "Danny Gonzalez"), [Drew Gooden](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew_Gooden_\(YouTuber\) "Drew Gooden (YouTuber)"), [Liza Koshy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liza_Koshy "Liza Koshy"), [Shawn Mendes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawn_Mendes "Shawn Mendes"), [Jake Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jake_Paul "Jake Paul"), [Logan Paul](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logan_Paul "Logan Paul"), and [Lele Pons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lele_Pons "Lele Pons").[\[7\]](#cite_note-7)[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram") responded to Vine's popularity by adding the ability to share 15-second videos in 2013, and has since expanded its video functionality with numerous additional features, including [Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram_Reels "Instagram Reels").[\[9\]](#cite_note-9)

Following Vine's closure in 2017,[\[10\]](#cite_note-10) most of its notable users began making longer videos on YouTube.[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) After [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") merged with [Musical.ly](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical.ly "Musical.ly") in 2018, TikTok became the most widely used short-form video app and has since become one of the world's most popular apps.[\[12\]](#cite_note-12) In 2020, Vine co-founder [Dom Hofmann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Hofmann "Dom Hofmann") launched Vine's intended successor Byte (later renamed Clash and then [Huddles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huddles_\(app\) "Huddles (app)")).[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) In 2021, as a response to the ever-increasing competition presented by TikTok, YouTube launched _YouTube Shorts_ to host videos up to a maximum length of 60 seconds.[\[14\]](#cite_note-Spangler-YTBeta-14) The run time was extended up to three minutes in October 2024.[\[15\]](#cite_note-Sherman-YT-15)[\[16\]](#cite_note-16) YouTube Shorts collectively earned over five trillion views within six months of inception.[\[17\]](#cite_note-Spangler-trillion-17)

## Business models of short-form content platforms

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=2 "Edit section: Business models of short-form content platforms")\]

### Advertising revenue

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=3 "Edit section: Advertising revenue")\]

Advertising is the most basic profit model of short video platforms. Platforms achieve precision marketing through information flow advertising, short video interstitial advertising and brand cooperation promotion. For example, TikTok Ads allows brands to deliver targeted ads based on user interests, viewing behavior and social interactions to increase advertising conversion rates. However, as users' tolerance for advertising decreases, platforms are exploring more interactive and immersive advertising formats, such as [AR filter ads](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented_reality#Commerce "Augmented reality") and brand challenges.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

### Live broadcast rewards

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=4 "Edit section: Live broadcast rewards")\]

The live broadcast function of short video platforms has become an important source of income for content creators. Users can reward anchors through virtual gifts while watching live broadcasts, and the platform will extract a certain percentage of the share. [Douyin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok") and [Kuaishou](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuaishou "Kuaishou") in China, as well as [Twitch](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitch_\(service\) "Twitch (service)") and YouTube Live in the West, have adopted similar models. However, the live broadcast reward model is greatly affected by regional culture and regulatory policies, and may face policy restrictions in some countries.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

### Membership subscription

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=5 "Edit section: Membership subscription")\]

Some short video platforms have launched membership subscription services, such as [YouTube Premium](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Premium "YouTube Premium") and TikTok's Live Subscription. Users pay a certain fee to enjoy ad-free, exclusive content and higher interactive rights. This model provides a stable source of income for the platform, but it still plays a supporting role in the short video ecosystem.[\[18\]](#cite_note-youtube_revenue_bbc-18)

### E-commerce live streaming

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=6 "Edit section: E-commerce live streaming")\]

E-commerce live streaming is one of the key models for the commercialization of short video platforms. It combines the entertainment of short videos with the convenience of e-commerce, forming a business logic of "content is marketing, interaction is transaction". The process is first content creation and product display. The anchor or brand will introduce the product through live streaming, including trial, evaluation and promotion information. The second is real-time interaction. Users can interact with the anchor through comments, likes and questions to enhance the sense of trust in purchase and allow consumers to gain an immersive purchasing experience and emotional value in interpersonal relationships. The anchor can display the product in a variety of ways, such as product close-ups, trials, promotions, etc., and eliminate consumers' concerns and reservations through words, enhance their social presence and provide a positive emotional experience.[\[19\]](#cite_note-19) Finally, one-click purchase and instant transaction. Users can directly click on the product link in the live broadcast to jump to the purchase page, shorten the decision path and improve the conversion rate.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

The Chinese market is in a leading position in the field of e-commerce live streaming. Platforms such as Douyin have formed a complete live e-commerce ecosystem. The sales revenue of various types of live broadcast e-commerce will reach one trillion yuan, and cultural and tourism enterprises are paying more and more attention to live broadcasting, demonstrating the huge potential of live e-commerce.[\[20\]](#cite_note-20) Moreover, Douyin e-commerce relies on precise recommendation algorithms to provide brands and individual merchants with a stable source of traffic, enabling small and medium-sized merchants to achieve efficient sales. Although e-commerce live streaming has achieved great success in China, it still faces challenges in promoting it in the international market. However, some platforms are actively trying, such as [TikTok Shop](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok_Shop "TikTok Shop"): TikTok took the lead in promoting the live streaming sales model in the Southeast Asian market, and piloted "TikTok Shop" in the UK market, allowing brands and influencers to sell goods through live streaming. There is also [Amazon Live](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Live "Amazon Live"): Amazon launched the live streaming shopping function, combined with the platform's strong supply chain capabilities, trying to introduce live streaming shopping into the European and American markets.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

#### Challenges and future development

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=8 "Edit section: Challenges and future development")\]

Although the prospects for live streaming e-commerce in China are very broad and Chinese people already consider it a part of their daily lives, there are many difficulties in promoting it globally. Western consumers have a low acceptance and adaptability to "live streaming shopping" and are more accustomed to the traditional e-commerce model. And payment methods, logistics services and after-sales systems need to be improved to match the instant transaction needs of e-commerce live streaming.[\[21\]](#cite_note-21) In the future, e-commerce live streaming is expected to become more popular in the global market and become one of the core profit models of short video platforms due to the advancement of AI recommendation algorithms, the development of cross-border e-commerce and the improvement of the social media ecosystem.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

## Short-form content platforms and applications

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=9 "Edit section: Short-form content platforms and applications")\]

Examples of short-form content platforms and apps include:

-   [DramaBox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DramaBox "DramaBox"): streaming app specializing in microdramas
-   [Facebook Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook_Reels "Facebook Reels"): short-form platform of social media platform [Facebook](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook "Facebook")
-   [FlexTV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlexTV?action=edit&redlink=1 "FlexTV (page does not exist)"): microdrama app[\[22\]](#cite_note-Moses-22)[\[23\]](#cite_note-Yang-MIT-23)
-   [Instagram Reels](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram#Instagram_Reels "Instagram"): short-form section of social media platform [Instagram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instagram "Instagram")
-   [Kanta](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanta_\(video_platform\)?action=edit&redlink=1 "Kanta (video platform) (page does not exist)"): global short-form video streaming platform owned by South Korea digital content corporation RIDI[\[24\]](#cite_note-Kanta-Korit-24)[\[25\]](#cite_note-Kanta-KoreaHerald-25)[\[26\]](#cite_note-Kanta-ChosunBiz-26)
-   [Likee](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likee "Likee"): short-video creation and sharing app for [iOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS "IOS") and [Android](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_\(operating_system\) "Android (operating system)") [operating systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system "Operating system")
-   [Moments](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moments_\(social_networking\) "Moments (social networking)"): interactive social media app by [WeChat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WeChat "WeChat")
-   [My Drama](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Drama "My Drama"): short-form episodic drama streaming platform
-   [ReelShort](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReelShort "ReelShort"): microdrama app owned by [Crazy Maple Studio](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COL_Group#ReelShort "COL Group")
-   [Sora](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sora_\(text-to-video_model\) "Sora (text-to-video model)"): short video clips app by [OpenAI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI "OpenAI")
-   [TikTok](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TikTok "TikTok"): short-form video platform owned by [ByteDance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ByteDance "ByteDance")
-   [Triller](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triller_\(app\) "Triller (app)"): video creation and sharing social media app
-   [Vigloo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigloo "Vigloo"): short-form drama streaming platform
-   [Viu Shorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viu_Shorts "Viu Shorts"): short-form section of [Viu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viu_\(streaming_service\) "Viu (streaming service)")'s mobile app
-   [YouTube Shorts](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_Shorts "YouTube Shorts"): short-form section of [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube")

A detailed [icon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon_\(computing\) "Icon (computing)") for video e.g. to link to video content on a website

Video clips are a form of short-form content that involves a small portion of a longer recording of a video (often from various sources such as movies (from both professional and [amateur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_movie "Home movie") sources), television shows or entertainment videos) that is uploaded onto the Internet.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Video clips can be of any format, whether as standard video (using any available [video resolution](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Display_resolution "Display resolution")) or [vertical video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical_video "Vertical video") (the latter being commonly used for short-form content), and can be up to several minutes long depending on the content being used. Such content may include [internet memes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme "Internet meme"), out-of-context snippets, and many others. They can also be used to attract the public to the user's other accounts or other [long-form contents](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_video "Internet video"). The term is also used more loosely to mean any video program, including a full program, uploaded onto a website or other medium.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Video clips appeared during the early days of the [World Wide Web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web "World Wide Web") in the 1990s, and then grew in popularity in the 2000s with the creation of [video sharing sites](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_video_platform "Online video platform") such as YouTube. They are popular among certain groups of people, including that of [Millennials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennials "Millennials") (aka Generation Y), [Generation Z](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Z "Generation Z") and [Alpha](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Alpha "Generation Alpha"), which helped to shape the modern [Internet culture](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_culture "Internet culture"). By mid-2006, there were millions of video clips available online, with new websites springing up focusing entirely on offering free video clips to users. Many established corporate sites added the ability to clip existing video content on their websites.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

While most of this content is non-exclusive and available on competing sites, some companies produce their own videos and do not need to rely on the work of outside companies or amateurs.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

While some video clips are taken from established media sources, community and individually produced clips are more common. Between March and July 2006, YouTube grew from 30 to 100 million views of videos per day.[\[27\]](#cite_note-27) One of the developments during that period were the [BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC")'s [iPlayer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPlayer "IPlayer"), which was released for open beta testing in July 2007.[\[28\]](#cite_note-28)

### Convergence with traditional media

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=11 "Edit section: Convergence with traditional media")\]

The evolving market for video clips garnered interest from traditional [movie studios](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_studio "Movie studio"). In 2006, the producers of _[Lucky Number Slevin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucky_Number_Slevin "Lucky Number Slevin")_, a film with [Morgan Freeman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Freeman "Morgan Freeman"), [Lucy Liu](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Liu "Lucy Liu") and [Bruce Willis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Willis "Bruce Willis"), made an 8-minute clip for YouTube. Celebrities in traditional media have proven to confer more popularity in clip culture than most amateur video makers.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

## Impact of video clips

\[[edit](https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Short-form_content&action=edit&section=12 "Edit section: Impact of video clips")\]

Video clips are a common form of advertising. With online entertainment sites delivering television programming content, free of charge, online video entertainment rose substantially in popularity.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\] Video clips are also used in advertising by [vloggers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vloggers "Vloggers") to promote products. The average ad goes for 15–30 seconds.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Unlike traditional movies largely dominated by studios, video clips are supplied by non-professionals.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

In 2005, Chinese students Huang Yixin and Wei Wei, later known as "[Back Dorm Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_Dorm_Boys "Back Dorm Boys")", lip-synced to a song by the [Backstreet Boys](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backstreet_Boys "Backstreet Boys") in a video uploaded to some clip websites and quickly became renowned. They appeared on television shows and concerts, and they were also granted a contract by a media company in Beijing for lip-syncing.[\[29\]](#cite_note-29)

In May 2006, [The Economist](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist "The Economist") reported that 90% of video clips on YouTube came from amateurs, a few of whom were young comedians.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\] It, in effect, also brought up amateur talents.

An earlier celebrity was [David Elsewhere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Elsewhere "David Elsewhere"), who was a talent at [popping](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popping "Popping") and [liquiding](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquiding "Liquiding"). His performance to [Kraftwerk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraftwerk "Kraftwerk")'s song [Expo 2000](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expo_2000_\(song\) "Expo 2000 (song)") at the Kollaboration talent show in 2001 was widely viewed on the Internet, and this subsequently led to him being hired for TV commercials and music videos. Not only did video clips submerge into the world of [TV commercials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_advertisement "Television advertisement") and music videos, but it also became a popular form of entertainment and a hobby for people called "[Vloggers](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlog "Vlog")" (video blog creators).\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

[Citizen journalism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen_journalism "Citizen journalism") video reporting dates back as early as the development of [camcorders](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camcorder "Camcorder"), but all videos were screened by the local media outlets of the time. This was until its spread was aided by free upload websites in which censorship was limited to make a vast number of videos available to anyone who wanted to view them. Scenes were rarely broadcast on television, and many first-witnessed scenes have since become publicly available.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

In December 2003, videos in Hong Kong showing the bullying in _[De La Salle School](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_La_Salle_School,_St_Helens "De La Salle School, St Helens")_ outraged the public and raised a wide concern on school violence that led to the arrest of 11 students, 7 of which were later dismissed in 2020.[\[30\]](#cite_note-30)

Notably, in December 2004, tourist videos of the [Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Indian_Ocean_earthquake_and_tsunami "2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami") offered worldwide audiences the first scenes of the disaster.\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

Short-form videos are linked to diminishing [attention spans](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_span "Attention span") and mental health issues among young people.[\[31\]](#cite_note-31)

Main article: [Vlog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlog "Vlog")

From late 2005 to early 2006, a new form of [blogging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blogging "Blogging") emerged called a [vlog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlog "Vlog") (i.e., video [blog](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blog "Blog")).[\[32\]](#cite_note-32)[\[33\]](#cite_note-33)[\[34\]](#cite_note-34) Vlogs use videos as the primary content, which is often accompanied by supporting text, image, and additional [metadata](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metadata "Metadata") to provide context. Su Li Walker, an analyst with the Yankee Group, said that "like blogs, which have become an extension of traditional media, video blogs will be a supplement to traditional broadcasting".[\[35\]](#cite_note-35)[\[36\]](#cite_note-36) Regular entries are typically presented in reverse [chronological order](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronological_order "Chronological order").\[_[citation needed](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed "Wikipedia:Citation needed")_\]

-   [Timeline of online video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_online_video "Timeline of online video")
-   [List of Internet phenomena](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Internet_phenomena "List of Internet phenomena")
-   [Internet meme](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_meme "Internet meme")
-   [Media clip](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_clip "Media clip")
-   [Screencast](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screencast "Screencast")
-   [Video evidence](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_evidence "Video evidence")
-   [Video sharing](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_sharing "Video sharing")
-   [Quoting out of context](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoting_out_of_context "Quoting out of context")
-   [GIF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF "GIF")

1.  [↑](#cite_ref-MacDonald-Forbes_1-0) MacDonald, Joan (June 10, 2025). ["Short Form Dramas Become Bigger Part of the Entertainment Industry"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/joanmacdonald/2025/06/03/short-form-dramas-become-bigger-part-of-the-entertainment-industry/). _[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")_. Retrieved January 13, 2026.
2.  [↑](#cite_ref-Pillai_2-0) Pillai, Annika (October 2, 2025). ["Microdramas are taking over the television landscape"](https://www.tuftsdaily.com/article/2025/10/microdramas-are-taking-over-the-television-landscape). _[The Tufts Daily](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Tufts_Daily "The Tufts Daily")_. Retrieved January 13, 2026.
3.  [↑](#cite_ref-Ramachandran_3-0) Ramachandran, Naman (November 13, 2025). ["Who's Who in Microdramas: The Power Players Reshaping Short-Form Entertainment"](https://variety.com/2025/tv/news/whos-who-in-microdramas-1236560775/). _[Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_\(magazine\) "Variety (magazine)")_. Retrieved January 13, 2026.
4.  [↑](#cite_ref-4) Roman, David (February 18, 2024). ["How Gen Z is using social media"](https://wearebrain.com/blog/how-gen-z-is-using-social-media/). _WeAreBrain_. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
5.  [↑](#cite_ref-5) ["More than half of Gen Zers watch longform videos on social media"](https://www.emarketer.com/content/gen-zers-watch-longform-videos-on-social-media). _Emarketer_. May 30, 2024. Retrieved January 8, 2025.
6.  [↑](#cite_ref-6) Colao, J.J. (December 14, 2012). ["Snapchat Adds Video, Now Seeing 50 Million Photos A Day"](https://www.forbes.com/sites/jjcolao/2012/12/14/snapchat-adds-video-now-seeing-50-million-photos-a-day/). _[Forbes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes "Forbes")_. Retrieved April 10, 2017.
7.  [↑](#cite_ref-7) Hathaway, Jay (July 5, 2013). ["Vine and the art of 6-second comedy"](https://www.dailydot.com/entertainment/vine-comedy-marlo-meekins-max-burlingame/). The Daily Dot. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
8.  [↑](#cite_ref-8) ["Twitter is shutting down Vine"](https://www.businessinsider.com/twitter-shutting-vine-down-2016-10). _Business Insider_. Retrieved November 12, 2018.
9.  [↑](#cite_ref-9) Langer, Eli (June 23, 2013). ["Instagram Video Taking a Swing at Vine: Study"](https://www.cnbc.com/2013/06/23/instagram-video-taking-a-swing-at-vine-study.html). [CNBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNBC "CNBC"). Retrieved April 30, 2017.
10.  [↑](#cite_ref-10) Roettgers, Janko (October 27, 2016). ["Twitter Is Shutting Down Vine"](https://variety.com/2016/digital/news/twitter-vine-shutting-down-1201902457/). _[Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_\(magazine\) "Variety (magazine)")_. Retrieved December 17, 2016.
11.  [↑](#cite_ref-11) ["The golden age of YouTube is over"](https://www.theverge.com/2019/4/5/18287318/youtube-logan-paul-pewdiepie-demonetization-adpocalypse-premium-influencers-creators). _www.theverge.com_. April 5, 2019. Retrieved November 20, 2020.
12.  [↑](#cite_ref-12) Lucic, Kristijan (August 15, 2022). ["Top 8 Best Short-Form Video Android Apps – Updated August 2022"](https://www.androidheadlines.com/best-short-form-video-android-apps). _Android Headlines_. Retrieved September 22, 2022.
13.  [↑](#cite_ref-13) ["Vine co-founder plans to launch successor Byte in Spring 2019"](https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/08/vine-co-founder-plans-to-launch-successor-byte-in-spring-2019/). _techcrunch.com_. November 8, 2018.
14.  [↑](#cite_ref-Spangler-YTBeta_14-0) Spangler, Todd (March 18, 2021). ["YouTube Shorts Beta Hits U.S., Video Giant Lays Out Road Map for TikTok Rival"](https://variety.com/2021/digital/news/youtube-shorts-us-beta-road-map-tiktok-1234933498/). _[Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_\(magazine\) "Variety (magazine)")_. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
15.  [↑](#cite_ref-Sherman-YT_15-0) Sherman, Todd (October 3, 2024). ["Tall updates coming to Shorts"](https://blog.youtube/news-and-events/tall-updates-coming-to-shorts/). _Official Blog_. [YouTube](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube "YouTube"). Retrieved March 28, 2026.
16.  [↑](#cite_ref-16) Hutchinson, Andrew (January 9, 2025). ["YouTube Expands 3-Minute Shorts to All Users"](https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/youtube-expands-3-minute-shorts-to-all-users/736967/). _[Social Media Today](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_Dive#Publications "Industry Dive")_. Retrieved March 28, 2026.
17.  [↑](#cite_ref-Spangler-trillion_17-0) Spangler, Todd (January 25, 2022). ["YouTube Shorts Tops 5 Trillion Views to Date, Platform to Test Shopping and Branded Content for TikTok-Style Videos"](https://variety.com/2022/digital/news/youtube-shorts-5-trillion-views-shopping-branded-content-1235162043/). _[Variety](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_\(magazine\) "Variety (magazine)")_.
18.  [↑](#cite_ref-youtube_revenue_bbc_18-0) McMahon, Liv (February 6, 2026). ["YouTube's $60bn revenue revealed amid paid subscriber push"](https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crkrkd2xlx6o). _[BBC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC "BBC")_. Retrieved February 8, 2026.
19.  [↑](#cite_ref-19) Luo, Zicheng (October 18, 2024). ["The Impact of Short Videos and Live Streaming on E-commerce Consumers Purchasing Decisions"](https://www.ewadirect.com/proceedings/aemps/article/view/15853). _Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences_. **114** (1): 18–26\. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10.54254/2754-1169/114/2024BJ0152](https://doi.org/10.54254%2F2754-1169%2F114%2F2024BJ0152). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2754-1169](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2754-1169).
20.  [↑](#cite_ref-20) Jun, Guo (2021). ["Research On The Marketing Innovation Of "Live + Short Video" In The Culture And Tourism Industry In We Media Era"](https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/abs/2021/27/e3sconf_ictees2021_03036/e3sconf_ictees2021_03036.html). _E3S Web of Conferences_. **251**: 03036. [Bibcode](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_\(identifier\) "Bibcode (identifier)"):[2021E3SWC.25103036J](https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021E3SWC.25103036J). [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10.1051/e3sconf/202125103036](https://doi.org/10.1051%2Fe3sconf%2F202125103036). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2267-1242](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2267-1242).
21.  [↑](#cite_ref-21) Wydymus, Karolina (2023). ["Social Commerce and Livestreaming E-commerce phenomenon as a new driving force for China E-commerce market development"](https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=1174362). _Zeszyty Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Ekonomicznego W Zielonej Górze_. **10** (18): 23–40\. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [2391-7830](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2391-7830).
22.  [↑](#cite_ref-Moses_22-0) Moses, Claire (January 30, 2024). ["Minute-Long Soap Operas Are Here. Is America Ready?"](https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/30/technology/reelshort-video-app.html). _[The New York Times](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times "The New York Times")_. Retrieved July 25, 2026.
23.  [↑](#cite_ref-Yang-MIT_23-0) Yang, Zeyi (February 27, 2024). ["China's next cultural export could be TikTok-style short soap operas"](https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/02/27/1088980/chinese-short-drama-tiktok-flextv/). _[MIT Technology Review](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Technology_Review "MIT Technology Review")_. Retrieved July 25, 2026.
24.  [↑](#cite_ref-Kanta-Korit_24-0) ["RIDI、グローバルショートドラマプラットフォーム「Kanta」日本でサービス開始"](https://www.korit.jp/news/entertainment/platum-ridi-shortdrama-platform-kanta-250709/) \[RIDI Launches Global Short Drama Platform "Kanta" in Japan\]. _Korit_ (in Japanese). July 9, 2025. Retrieved January 12, 2026.
25.  [↑](#cite_ref-Kanta-KoreaHerald_25-0) Lee, Yoon-seo (September 9, 2025). ["Kanta expands into Japan with short-drama adaptation of MBC variety hit"](https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10571738). _[The Korea Herald](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Korea_Herald "The Korea Herald")_. Retrieved January 12, 2026.
26.  [↑](#cite_ref-Kanta-ChosunBiz_26-0) Lee, Jae-eun (January 11, 2026). ["Korean firms expand short dramas to capture global viewers"](https://biz.chosun.com/en/en-it/2026/01/11/2VHRQJBOCNFETGCCPFDE5SJKXI/). _[ChosunBiz](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChosunBiz "ChosunBiz")_. Retrieved January 12, 2026.
27.  [↑](#cite_ref-27) ["YouTube: 100 Million Videos a Day"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070328232558/http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2006/07/youtube_100_mil.html). Archived from [the original](http://www.businessweek.com/the_thread/techbeat/archives/2006/07/youtube_100_mil.html) on March 28, 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2007.
28.  [↑](#cite_ref-28) ["BBC – Press Office – BBC iPlayer to launch on 27 July"](https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2007/06_june/27/iplayer.shtml). _bbc.co.uk_. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
29.  [↑](#cite_ref-29) ["Out of the dorm"](https://www.economist.com/asia/2006/04/06/out-of-the-dorm). _The Economist_. April 6, 2006. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0013-0613](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613). Retrieved December 4, 2019.
30.  [↑](#cite_ref-30) Martindale, Mike. ["Charges dismissed against 7 students in Warren De La Salle hazing case"](https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/macomb-county/2020/10/29/charges-dismissed-against-7-students-warren-de-la-salle-hazing-case/6071802002/). _The Detroit News_. Retrieved October 29, 2021.
31.  [↑](#cite_ref-31) Xie, Jin; Xu, Xinyu; Zhang, Yamei; Tan, Yuxin; Wu, Dazhou; Shi, Mingjian; Huang, Hai (2023). ["The effect of short-form video addiction on undergraduates' academic procrastination: a moderated mediation model"](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756502). _[Frontiers in Psychology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontiers_in_Psychology "Frontiers in Psychology")_. **14** 1298361. [doi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_\(identifier\) "Doi (identifier)"):[10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1298361](https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2023.1298361). [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [1664-1078](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-1078). [PMC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMC_\(identifier\) "PMC (identifier)") [10756502](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10756502). [PMID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMID_\(identifier\) "PMID (identifier)") [38162977](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38162977).
32.  [↑](#cite_ref-32) Blip.tv Brings Vlogs to Masses [Red Herring](http://www.redherring.com/Article.aspx?a=20843). [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20070507173036/http://www.redherring.com/Article.aspx?a=20843) May 7, 2007, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine").
33.  [↑](#cite_ref-33) Prime Time for Vlogs? [CNNMoney.com](https://web.archive.org/web/20060514205359/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2006/05/01/8375939/)
34.  [↑](#cite_ref-34) Will video kill the blogging star? . San Diego Union Tribune.
35.  [↑](#cite_ref-35) Dean, Katie (July 13, 2005). ["Blogging + Video = Vlogging"](https://www.wired.com/news/digiwood/0,1412,68171,00.html?tw=rss.TOP). _[Wired News](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_News "Wired News")_. [Condé Nast Publications](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cond%C3%A9_Nast_Publications "Condé Nast Publications"). Retrieved March 2, 2007.
36.  [↑](#cite_ref-36) Media Revolution: Podcasting [New England Film](http://www.nefilm.com/news/archives/2006/02/podcasting.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20060814044000/http://www.nefilm.com/news/archives/2006/02/podcasting.htm) August 14, 2006, at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine")

-   Dilworth, Dianna (August 30, 2006). ["AOL joins online video battle"](http://www.dmnews.com/cms/dm-news/internet-marketing/37979.html). DMNews. Retrieved March 2, 2007.
-   Jay Dedman, Joshua Paul. _Videoblogging_, John Wiley & Sons, June 26, 2006. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-470-03788-1](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-470-03788-1 "Special:BookSources/0-470-03788-1").
-   Michael Verdi, Ryanne Hodson, [Diana Weynand](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana_Weynand "Diana Weynand"), Shirley Craig. _Secrets of Videoblogging_, [Peachpit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peachpit "Peachpit") Press, April 25, 2006. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-321-42917-6](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-42917-6 "Special:BookSources/0-321-42917-6").
-   Stephanie Cottrell Bryant. _Videoblogging for Dummies_, July 12, 2006. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-471-97177-4](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-97177-4 "Special:BookSources/0-471-97177-4").
-   Lionel Felix, Damien Stolarz. _Hands-on Guide to Video Blogging and Podcasting: Emerging Media Tools for Business Communication_, Focal Press, April 24, 2006. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [0-240-80831-2](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-240-80831-2 "Special:BookSources/0-240-80831-2").
-   Jennie Boure, "Web Video: Making it Great, Getting Noticed", Peachpit Press, 2009, [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-321-55296-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-321-55296-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-321-55296-9")

-   [Top 22 Microdrama (Short Drama) Apps Platforms](https://mbrellafilms.com/insights/best-microdrama-short-drama-platforms/) at Mbrella Films