--- source_url: "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems?utm_source=openai" title: Rafael Advanced Defense Systems - Wikipedia mirrored_at: 2026-08-17T13:02:53.143Z host: en.wikipedia.org cited_in_42a: true mirror_canonical: "https://index.42a.ai/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems__q__utm_source_openai" --- > **Original source:** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems?utm_source=openai Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. Type [Government-owned corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government-owned_corporation "Government-owned corporation") Industry [Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arms_industry "Arms industry"), [Aerospace](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerospace "Aerospace") Predecessor Science Corps Founded 1948; 78 years ago Headquarters [Kiryat Bialik](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Bialik "Kiryat Bialik") , Israel Key people [Yoav Har-Even](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoav_Har-Even "Yoav Har-Even") ([CEO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO "CEO") and [President](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_\(corporate_title\) "President (corporate title)")) Products Military aerospace Missiles [Ordnance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery "Artillery") Defense electronics Protection systems Naval systems Revenue ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail)$4.850 billion [USD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar") (2024)[\[1\]](#cite_note-israeldefense-1) [Net income](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_income "Net income") ![Increase](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/20px-Increase2.svg.png?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=parser&utm_content=thumbnail)$159 million [USD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_dollar "United States dollar") (2024)[\[1\]](#cite_note-israeldefense-1) Owner [State of Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Israel "State of Israel") Number of employees 10,000 [Divisions](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_\(business\) "Division (business)") Missiles and NCW Division Ordnance and Protection Division Manor – Advanced Defense Technologies Division [Subsidiaries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsidiary "Subsidiary") RDC (RAFAEL Development Corporation) Website [www.rafael.co.il](http://www.rafael.co.il/) **Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd.** ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): רפאל - מערכות לחימה מתקדמות בע"מ) is an Israeli [defense technology company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_contractor "Defense contractor"). It was founded as Israel's National R&D Defense Laboratory for the development of [weapons](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon "Weapon") and [military technology](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_technology "Military technology") within the [Israeli Ministry of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_\(Israel\) "Ministry of Defense (Israel)"); in 2002 it was incorporated as a [limited company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_company "Limited company").[\[2\]](#cite_note-2) ## History Rafael's [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") air defense and [C-RAM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter_Rocket,_Artillery,_and_Mortar "Counter Rocket, Artillery, and Mortar") system Israeli soldier with [Spike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_\(missile\) "Spike (missile)") anti-tank missile launcher Python-5 (front) and Shafrir 1 (back) missiles [Popeye standoff missile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye_\(missile\) "Popeye (missile)") Rafael's [Trophy active protection system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophy_\(countermeasure\) "Trophy (countermeasure)"), "Windbreaker", on an Israeli [Merkava Mk IV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkava#Merkava_Mark_IV "Merkava") [main battle tank](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_battle_tank "Main battle tank") Rafael was established in 1948 as the Science Corps ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): חיל המדע, known by the acronym HEMED, [Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): חמד) under the leadership of [Shlomo Gur](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlomo_Gur "Shlomo Gur"). It was renamed the Research and Design Directorate (אגף הפיתוח והתיכנון) in 1952. In 1952 [David Ben-Gurion](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion "David Ben-Gurion") decided to split the activities of HEMED into two agencies. The pure scientific research was left with HEMED, while the development of weapons was placed into the new EMET agency.[\[3\]](#cite_note-3) In 1954 Ben-Gurion decided to change the name of EMET to _RAFAEL_ ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language "Hebrew language"): רשות לפיתוח אמצעי לחימה, [lit.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation "Literal translation") 'Armament Development Authority').[\[4\]](#cite_note-4) It was reorganized as Rafael in 1958.[\[5\]](#cite_note-merdor-5) In 1995, [Yitzhak Rabin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin "Yitzhak Rabin") asked [Amos Horev](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Horev "Amos Horev") to become chairman of the board of Rafael, following many years in which Horev had served as chairman of Rafael's advisory committee.[\[6\]](#cite_note-mit-forumil-6) Horev served as chairman until January 2001.[\[6\]](#cite_note-mit-forumil-6) ### Restructuring as a limited company During the early 1990s Rafael was operating at a loss (peaking in 1995, with a loss of $120 million on a turnover of $460 million). Therefore, it was decided to restructure the organization and start operating Rafael as a company. Initially the new company had three discrete divisions, each operating as a profit center, with a separate balance sheet presented to the newly formed management board.[\[7\]](#cite_note-7) The restructuring was completed in 2002 when Rafael was formally incorporated as a [limited company](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limited_company "Limited company") (although still as a [government-owned corporation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government-owned_corporation "Government-owned corporation")), while maintaining its technological capabilities through an investment of about 10% of turnover in [R&D](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R&D "R&D") programs. In its first year as a limited company, Rafael earned a $37 million profit on $830 million in sales.[\[8\]](#cite_note-8) By 2016, Rafael reported annual net profits of 473 million [ILS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel "Israeli new shekel") (roughly 130 million dollars), up 3%, compared with ILS 459 million in 2015. New orders in 2016 totaled ILS 10.7 billion, and sales amounted to ILS 8.32 billion, 6% more than in 2015. The company's orders backlog as of the end of 2016 was ILS 21.72 billion, 12% more than at the end of 2015.[\[9\]](#cite_note-9) On 14 October 2007, the company changed its name from Rafael Armament Development Authority Ltd. to Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. In 2022, Rafael acquired Pearson Engineering Ltd., an [armored vehicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_armour "Vehicle armour") manufacturer based at the Armstrong Works in [Newcastle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne "Newcastle upon Tyne"), England, for approximately £100 million, as part of its expansion into the UK.[\[10\]](#cite_note-10)[\[11\]](#cite_note-11) ## Notable products - [Python](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_\(missile\) "Python (missile)") – an [air-to-air missiles](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air-to-air_missile "Air-to-air missile") system. - [Spike](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_\(missile\) "Spike (missile)") – a fourth generation[\[12\]](#cite_note-4thgen-12) [fire-and-forget](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-and-forget "Fire-and-forget") [anti-tank guided missile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile "Anti-tank guided missile") - [Popeye](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye_\(missile\) "Popeye (missile)") – an air-to-ground missile system. - [Popeye Turbo SLCM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye_\(missile\)#Popeye_Turbo_Submarine_Launched_Cruise_Missile "Popeye (missile)") – believed to be a nuclear-tipped [submarine-launched cruise missile](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine-launched_cruise_missile "Submarine-launched cruise missile")[\[13\]](#cite_note-13) - [Iron Beam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Beam "Iron Beam") – laser missile defense system - [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") – an [air defense system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare "Anti-aircraft warfare") to intercept short-range [rockets](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket "Rocket") and [artillery shells](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_\(projectile\) "Shell (projectile)")[\[14\]](#cite_note-firstInterceptAshkelon-14) - [TROPHY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophy_\(countermeasure\) "Trophy (countermeasure)")[\[15\]](#cite_note-15)[\[16\]](#cite_note-16)– an [active protection system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_protection_system "Active protection system") for armored vehicles. - [Protector USV](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protector_USV "Protector USV") – an [unmanned surface vehicle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_surface_vehicle "Unmanned surface vehicle") (unmanned, autonomous naval combat system)[\[17\]](#cite_note-17) - [David's Sling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David's_Sling "David's Sling") – surface-to-air missile system. ## Civilian technology transfer In 1993, Rafael Development Corporation (RDC), a [technology transfer](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology_transfer "Technology transfer") company, was established as a joint venture with [Elron Electronic Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elron_Electronic_Industries "Elron Electronic Industries"); in order to commercialize applications based on defense technologies for medical devices, telecommunications, and semiconductor industries.[\[18\]](#cite_note-18) The company established and developed several companies including: - [Given Imaging](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Given_Imaging "Given Imaging") – focusing on [capsule endoscopy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsule_endoscopy "Capsule endoscopy") technologies.[\[19\]](#cite_note-19) - [Oramir Semiconductor Equipment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oramir "Oramir") – a developer of laser cleaning technologies for the semiconductor industry,[\[20\]](#cite_note-20) sold to [Applied Materials](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_Materials "Applied Materials") in 2001 for $21 million.[\[21\]](#cite_note-21) - Starling Advanced Communications ([TASE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TASE "TASE"):STLG) – a provider of broadband wireless networking solutions for [airliners](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airliner "Airliner").[\[22\]](#cite_note-22) - Galil Medical – a developer of [cryotherapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryotherapy "Cryotherapy") solutions.[\[23\]](#cite_note-globes-23) - SELA Semiconductor Engineering Laboratories – a provider of automated sample preparation tools for semiconductor manufacturers, sold to Camtek Intelligent Imaging.[\[23\]](#cite_note-globes-23) - 3DV Systems – developers of the [ZCam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZCam "ZCam"), a [time-of-flight camera](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-of-flight_camera "Time-of-flight camera") products for [video](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video "Video") applications, sold to [Microsoft](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft "Microsoft").[\[24\]](#cite_note-MS_confirmed-24) - Medingo – developer of a micro pump [insulin delivery](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_delivery "Insulin delivery") system consists of two parts: a semi-disposable insulin dispensing patch and a remote control, which allows for discreet personalized insulin delivery. The company was sold to [Hoffmann-La Roche](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffmann-La_Roche "Hoffmann-La Roche")'s subsidiary [Roche Diagnostics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roche_Diagnostics "Roche Diagnostics") for $160 million as well as up to $40 million in milestone payments.[\[25\]](#cite_note-25) SPYDER launcher ## Products - Air Defense systems - [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") - [Tamir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamir_\(missile\) "Tamir (missile)"), missile used by Iron Dome - [C-Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Dome "C-Dome") (the naval version of Iron Dome) - MIC4AD - [SPYDER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPYDER "SPYDER") - [David's Sling](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David's_Sling "David's Sling") - [Drone Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_Dome "Drone Dome") - [Iron Beam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Beam "Iron Beam") - [SkySonic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SkySonic "SkySonic") - Air to Air missiles - [Python-5](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python-5 "Python-5") - [I-Derby](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_\(missile\)#Derby "Python (missile)") - [I-Derby ER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_\(missile\)#I-Derby_ER "Python (missile)") - [Sky Spear (missile)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Spear_\(missile\) "Sky Spear (missile)") - Air to Surface missile - - [SPARROW family](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparrow_\(target_missile\) "Sparrow (target missile)") - [Rocks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROCKS_\(missile\) "ROCKS (missile)") Family, unveiled in February 2019.[\[26\]](#cite_note-26)[\[27\]](#cite_note-27) Guided Bombs - - [Spice (bomb)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spice_\(bomb\) "Spice (bomb)") Family - Electronic Warfare Systems - [SKY SHIELD](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_Shield "Sky Shield") Escort Jamming pod - [C-GEM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-GEM "C-GEM") Active Offboard Decoy - Precision Guided missiles - [SPIKE ER](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_\(missile\) "Spike (missile)") - [SPIKE LR](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_\(missile\) "Spike (missile)") - [SPIKE NLOS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_\(missile\) "Spike (missile)") - [Sea Breaker](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_Breaker_\(missile\) "Sea Breaker (missile)") - Missile upgrade kits - Electro-optical Precision Integration Kit (EPIK)[\[28\]](#cite_note-ynetnews1-28) - Active Protection System - [TROPHY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trophy_\(countermeasure\) "Trophy (countermeasure)") an active armor protection system, "Windbreaker" ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew "Hebrew"): מעיל רוח) - Remote-controlled weapon station - Rafael OWS (nicknamed "[MAG Rafael](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FN_MAG "FN MAG")" by the [IDF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces "Israel Defense Forces")) - [Samson RCWS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samson_RCWS "Samson RCWS") ([Hebrew](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew "Hebrew") name: קטלנית) - [Typhoon Weapon Station](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoon_Weapon_Station "Typhoon Weapon Station") for naval applications and military ships - [Demining Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demining "Demining") - [Rafael Carpet](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Carpet "Rafael Carpet") ## 2026 partial privatisation and IPO The long-standing debate over the state’s role in Israel’s defense industry reached a turning point in January 2026, when the government formalized a timeline to partially privatize Rafael Advanced Defense Systems through an [initial public offering](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_public_offering "Initial public offering") (IPO) on the [Tel Aviv Stock Exchange](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Stock_Exchange "Tel Aviv Stock Exchange").[\[29\]](#cite_note-29) This transition represents a significant evolution for this company, as it began as a national laboratory, and was only incorporated as a state-owned enterprise in 2002. The decision follows years of internal pressure from Rafael’s leadership, who argued that its fully state-owned status created a "bureaucratic glass ceiling," making it harder to compete for elite engineering talent and respond to global market shifts as nimbly as its publicly traded rivals, [Elbit Systems](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbit_Systems "Elbit Systems") and IAI.[\[30\]](#cite_note-30) ### Implementation and valuation challenges The roadmap for this transition became clear on 12 January 2026, when [Roi Kahlon](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravi_Kahlon "Ravi Kahlon"), director of the Government Companies Authority, confirmed that the government would seek to float a 25% to 30% minority stake as early as the second quarter of 2026.[\[31\]](#cite_note-31) Unlike other defense firms, Rafael’s path to the stock market is uniquely complicated by its deep integration with the [Ministry of Defense](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_\(Israel\) "Ministry of Defense (Israel)") and the highly [classified](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified_information "Classified information") nature of its flagship technologies. Establishing a public valuation has historically been stalled by the difficulty of sharing detailed financial data for "proprietary" systems, such as the [Iron Dome](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome "Iron Dome") and the newly deployed [Iron Beam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Beam "Iron Beam") laser interceptor, without compromising [national security](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security "National security").[\[32\]](#cite_note-:0-32) Supported by a record-high order backlog of $18 billion, Rafael’s valuation at the time of the announcement was estimated at approximately $10 billion.[\[33\]](#cite_note-33) This financial strength is largely a result of the global "battle-proven" reputation of its air defense portfolio, which has seen increased demand from international partners like [Germany](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany "Germany") and [Finland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland "Finland").[\[34\]](#cite_note-34) To balance the needs of private investors with the imperatives of the state, the Israeli government intends to retain a controlling interest and release shares in a series of small, staggered tranches through 2027, ensuring that Rafael remains a strategic asset while gaining the operational flexibility of a public company.[\[32\]](#cite_note-:0-32) ## See also - [Elbit](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbit "Elbit") (El-Op) - [Israel Aircraft Industries (IAI)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Aerospace_Industries "Israel Aerospace Industries") - [Israel Military Industries](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Military_Industries "Israel Military Industries") - [Israel Shipyards](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Shipyards "Israel Shipyards") - [Military equipment of Israel](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_equipment_of_Israel "Military equipment of Israel") - [Soltam](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soltam "Soltam") ## References 1. [1](#cite_ref-israeldefense_1-0) [2](#cite_ref-israeldefense_1-1) ["RAFAEL Registers Record Breaking Year in Sales & Orders"](https://www.rafael.co.il/press/rafael-registers-record-breaking-year-in-sales-orders/). _www.rafael.co.il/_. 2. [↑](#cite_ref-2) ["Globes Dun's 100 - Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd"](https://web.archive.org/web/20130514133537/http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863). Archived from [the original](http://duns100.dundb.co.il/ts.cgi?tsscript=comp_eng&duns=600024863) on 14 May 2013. 3. [↑](#cite_ref-3) The bomb is the basement, page 43 4. [↑](#cite_ref-4) The bomb is the basement, page 113 5. [↑](#cite_ref-merdor_5-0) Merdor, Monaya M. (1982). "Science Corps (Hemed)". _IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia_ (in Hebrew). Vol. 17\. Revivim Publishing. pp. 17–19. 6. [1](#cite_ref-mit-forumil_6-0) [2](#cite_ref-mit-forumil_6-1) ["Amos Horev"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143533/http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev). MIT Enterprise Forum. 1 January 2001. Archived from [the original](http://mit-forum.org.il/about/advisory-board/101-amos-horev) on 21 July 2011. Retrieved 17 June 2010. 7. [↑](#cite_ref-7) ["Rafael Operating as Gov't Company Since January 1 - Preparatory to Becoming Limited Company"](http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=368672). _Globes_. 1 May 1997. 8. [↑](#cite_ref-8) ["Rafael 2003 net profit: $37m"](http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=781005). _Globes_. 17 March 2004. 9. [↑](#cite_ref-9) Azulai, Yuval (20 March 2017). ["Rafael reports higher profit for 2016"](http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-rafael-reports-higher-profit-for-2016-1001181597). _Globes_. 10. [↑](#cite_ref-10) ["Rafael Completes Pearson Engineering Purchase"](https://euro-sd.com/2022/09/articles/exclusive/27461/rafael-2/). _European Security & Defence_. 28 September 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2026. 11. [↑](#cite_ref-11) ["Rafael buys mine plough maker Pearson Engineering"](https://www.janes.com/defence-intelligence-insights/defence-news/industry/rafael-buys-mine-plough-maker-pearson-engineering). _Janes_. 29 September 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2026. 12. [↑](#cite_ref-4thgen_12-0) ["Defense Update issue 2-07 (May - June 2007) : Electro-Optically Guided Weapons"](https://web.archive.org/web/20100106035337/http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm). Defense-Update.Com. Archived from [the original](http://defense-update.com/features/du-2-07/helicopters_EO_missiles.htm) on 6 January 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010. 13. [↑](#cite_ref-13) [Popeye Turbo - Israel Special Weapons](http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/israel/missile/popeye-t.htm). Fas.org. Retrieved on 2013-07-17. 14. [↑](#cite_ref-firstInterceptAshkelon_14-0) Anshel Pfeffer; Yanir Yagna (7 April 2011). ["Iron Dome successfully intercepts Gaza rocket for first time"](https://web.archive.org/web/20110408082931/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696). _Haaretz_. Archived from [the original](https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/iron-dome-successfully-intercepts-gaza-rocket-for-first-time-1.354696) on 8 April 2011. Retrieved 7 April 2011. 15. [↑](#cite_ref-15) ["TROPHY® Active Protection System for AFVs"](https://www.rafael.co.il/worlds/land/trophy-aps/). _www.rafael.co.il_. Retrieved 24 October 2023. 16. [↑](#cite_ref-16) ["TROPHY™ - Active Protection System (APS) and Hostile Fire Detection (HFD) for Armored Vehicles"](https://www.leonardodrs.com/what-we-do/products-and-services/trophy-active-protection-system-aps/). _Leonardo DRS_. Retrieved 24 October 2023. 17. [↑](#cite_ref-17) ["Protector"](https://web.archive.org/web/20070503115143/http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm). _Defence Updates_. Archived from [the original](http://www.defense-update.com/products/p/protector.htm) on 3 May 2007. Retrieved 21 April 2007. 18. [↑](#cite_ref-18) ["RDC Rafael Development Corporation Ltd.: Private Company Information - Businessweek"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090101143126/http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891). _Businessweek.com_. Archived from [the original](http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=536891) on 1 January 2009. Retrieved 10 July 2015. 19. [↑](#cite_ref-19) [Invest in Israel: Given Imaging](http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20110721142613/http://www.investinisrael.gov.il/NR/exeres/01104877-8720-4F39-8441-BD24EC58D8B9.htm) 2011-07-21 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") 20. [↑](#cite_ref-20) [Fairchild launches Oramir](https://web.archive.org/web/20150403093030/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-12813651.html) Israel Business Today 21. [↑](#cite_ref-21) ["SEC Info - Applied Materials Inc/DE - '10-Q' for 7/29/01"](http://www.secinfo.com/d6p8.4f897.htm). Retrieved 10 July 2015. 22. [↑](#cite_ref-22) ["List of Public Companies Worldwide, Letter - Businessweek - Businessweek"](http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/snapshot/snapshot.asp?ticker=STLG:IT). _Businessweek.com_. Retrieved 10 July 2015.\[_[dead link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot "Wikipedia:Link rot")_\] 23. [1](#cite_ref-globes_23-0) [2](#cite_ref-globes_23-1) ["Elron sells entire Galil Medical stake"](http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000546886&fid=1725). _Globes_. 15 March 2010. 24. [↑](#cite_ref-MS_confirmed_24-0) Shelah, Shmulik (22 June 2009). ["Microsoft confirms 3DV acquisition"](https://web.archive.org/web/20090626051708/http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docView.asp?did=1000460733). _[Globes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globes_\(newspaper\) "Globes (newspaper)")_. [Tel Aviv](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv "Tel Aviv"): Globes Publisher Itonut. Archived from [the original](http://www.globes.co.il/serveen/globes/docview.asp?did=1000460733) on 26 June 2009. Retrieved 23 June 2009. \[Microsoft corporate vice president of Israel Research & Development Moshe Lichtman\] said, for the first time officially, that "the R&D center helped Microsoft in buying the intellectual property of 3DV Systems, and in the wake of that dozens of the company's employees were recruited to work at the development center." [Alt URL](http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252) [Archived](https://web.archive.org/web/20120218202558/http://www.ivc-online.com/ivcWeeklyItem.asp?articleID=9252) 18 February 2012 at the [Wayback Machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine "Wayback Machine") 25. [↑](#cite_ref-25) ["Roche Acquires Insulin Pump Company Medingo"](https://www.diabetesdaily.com/forum/diabetes-news/41612-roche-acquires-insulin-pump-company-medingo). _Diabetes Daily_. 14 April 2010. 26. [↑](#cite_ref-26) Hughes, Robin (20 February 2019). ["Rafael unveils Rocks air-to-surface missile"](https://www.janes.com/article/86679/rafael-unveils-rocks-air-to-surface-missile). _Jane's 360_. London. Retrieved 20 February 2019.`{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web")}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service")) 27. [↑](#cite_ref-27) Ahronheim, Anna (20 February 2019). ["Israel unveils Rafael's new advanced bunker buster missile, 'Rocks'"](https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Israel-unveils-Rafaels-new-advanced-bunker-buster-missile-Rocks-581201). _The Jerusalem Post_. Retrieved 20 February 2019.`{{[cite web](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web "Template:Cite web")}}`: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ([link](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service "Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service")) 28. [↑](#cite_ref-ynetnews1_28-0) Zitun, Yoav (6 March 2018). ["'Sharp Flame': Rafael's new rocket precision guidance system"](https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5277924,00.html). _[Ynetnews](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynetnews "Ynetnews")_. Retrieved 4 June 2018. 29. [↑](#cite_ref-29) Kahlon, R.; Scheer, S. (12 January 2026). ["Israel poised to launch defence privatisations in months, says government official"](https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-poised-launch-defence-privatisations-months-official-2026-01-12/). Reuters. 30. [↑](#cite_ref-30) Azulay, Y. (21 December 2025). ["Iron Dome and Iron Beam maker Rafael moves closer to a possible IPO"](https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/b2xwqg57o). Calcalistech. 31. [↑](#cite_ref-31) ["Israel poised to launch defense privatizations in months, says government official"](https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2026/01/12/israel-poised-to-launch-defense-privatizations-in-months-says-government-official). _Al Arabiya English_. 12 January 2026. Retrieved 14 January 2026. 32. [1](#cite_ref-:0_32-0) [2](#cite_ref-:0_32-1) Bob, Y. J. (13 January 2026). ["Israel moves to privatize defense giants IAI and Rafael"](https://www.jpost.com/defense-and-tech/article-883293). _The Jerusalem Post_. 33. [↑](#cite_ref-33) Wrobel, Sharon (13 January 2026). ["Israel eyes privatization of defense giants IAI and Rafael via public share sale"](https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-eyes-privatization-of-defense-giants-iai-and-rafael-via-public-share-sale/). _The Times of Israel_. [ISSN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_\(identifier\) "ISSN (identifier)") [0040-7909](https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-7909). Retrieved 14 January 2026. 34. [↑](#cite_ref-34) Scheer, S. (2 August 2023). _Israel, U.S. approved missile-defense sale to Finland_. Reuters. [https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-approved-missile-defense-sale-finland-2023-08-02/](https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/israel-us-approved-missile-defense-sale-finland-2023-08-02/) - _The bomb in the basement_, Michael Karpin, Ed Simon & Schuster. [ISBN](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_\(identifier\) "ISBN (identifier)") [978-0-7432-6595-9](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6595-9 "Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-6595-9") ## External links - [Rafael official website](http://www.rafael.co.il/) - [Rafael Development Corporation](http://www.rdc.co.il/) - [Rafael at EurpStory 2004](https://web.archive.org/web/20050129014441/http://www.eurosatory.mod.gov.il/pdfs/rafae1.pdf) - [Rafael at the LIC-2005 conference](http://www.rafael.co.il/web/rafnew/events/lic-05.htm) - [Rafael UK](https://rafael-uk.com/) [32°52′06″N 35°05′35″E / 32.8684°N 35.0931°E](https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rafael_Advanced_Defense_Systems¶ms=32.8684_N_35.0931_E_region:IL)